（Java集合面试题）说一说ArrayList 的扩容机制吧

ArrayList扩容的本质就是计算出新的扩容数组的size后实例化，并将原有数组内容复制到新数组中去。

public boolean add(E e) {
     //扩容
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
    elementData[size++] = e;
    return true;
    }
  private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
      ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}

private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
        //如果传入的是个空数组则最小容量取默认容量与minCapacity之间的最大值
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }
        return minCapacity;
    }

  private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;
        // 如果最小需要空间比elementData的内存空间要大，则需要扩容
        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

       private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // 获取elementData数组的内存空间长度
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        // 扩容至原来的1.5倍
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        //校验容量是否够
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        //若预设值大于默认的最大值，检查是否溢出
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // 调用Arrays.copyOf方法将elementData数组指向新的内存空间
         //并将elementData的数据复制到新的内存空间
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }