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SpringCloud构建微服务之基础环境搭建

前言

本次我们将使用SpringCloud构建一个用户微服务案例,Consumer消费者(Client)通过REST调用Provider提供者(Server)提供的服务。

构建环境:SpringCloud Dalston.SR1+Spring Boot 1.5.9.RELEASE+Jdk 1.8+Idea+Maven 3.6+MySQL

建立整体父工程(spring-cloud-examples)

新建父工程spring-cloud-examplespackageing是pom模式
File → New → Project → Maven
不用勾选任务任何选项,直接Next
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输入GroupId和ArtifactId,然后Next → Finish
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将如下pom文件内容复制到父工程(spring-cloud-examples`)pom文件内

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.chaytech</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-examples</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.4</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.31</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

因为是父工程,src目录就不需要了,可以删除掉,最终效果如下
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建立公共子模块(spring-cloud-model)

选中父工程(spring-cloud-examples`)鼠标点击右键File → Module → Maven
不用勾选任务任何选项,直接Next → Finish
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创建完成后,查看父工程pom文件的变化
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可以看到多了上面所示的标签,modules标签里的内容,代表父工程所拥有的模块,在创建子模块时,会自动创建此标签

接着修改spring-cloud-modelpom文件,增加Lombok支持

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <!-- 子类里面显示声明才能有明确的继承表现,无意外就是父类的默认版本否则自己定义 -->
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-examples</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.chaytech</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-model</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <!-- 当前Module需要用到的jar包,按自己需求添加,如果父类已经包含了,可以不用写版本号 -->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

创建UserEntity

@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class UserEntity implements Serializable{

    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String  db_source; //来自那个数据库,因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库,同一个信息被存储到不同数据库

    public UserEntity(String username){
        this.username = username;
    }
}

最终工程展现
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建立用户微服务提供者模块(spring-cloud-provider-user)

建立模块的步骤,参照公共子模块的建立,此处将不再演示
建立好后,修改pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-examples</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.chaytech</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-provider-user</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.chaytech</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-model</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

创建application.yml文件

server:
  port: 8001

mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml        # mybatis配置文件所在路径
  type-aliases-package: com.chaytech.model.*    # 所有Entity别名类所在包
  mapper-locations:
  - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                       # mapper映射文件

spring:
   application:
    name: user-provider
   datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spring_cloud_db01              # 数据库名称
    username: root
    password: root
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5                                           # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
      initial-size: 5                                       # 初始化连接数
      max-total: 5                                          # 最大连接数
      max-wait-millis: 200                                  # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间

eureka:
  client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka

工程src/main/resources目录下新建mybatis文件夹后新建mybatis-config.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <settings>
        <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
    </settings>

</configuration>

创建数据库、表、初始化数据,脚本如下

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS spring_cloud_db01;
CREATE DATABASE spring_cloud_db01 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE spring_cloud_db01;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_user;
CREATE TABLE t_user  (
  id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  username varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  db_source varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

INSERT INTO t_user(username,db_source)  VALUES ( '小明', DATABASE());
INSERT INTO t_user(username,db_source)  VALUES ('小红', DATABASE());

创建UserDao

@Mapper
public interface UserDao {

    public boolean insert(UserEntity user);

    public UserEntity findById(Integer id);

    public List<UserEntity> findAll();
}

工程src/main/resources目录下新建mapper文件夹后创建UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.chaytech.provider.user.dao.UserDao">
    <select id="findById" resultType="com.chaytech.model.user.UserEntity" parameterType="java.lang.Integer">
        select * from t_user where id = #{id};
    </select>

    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.chaytech.model.user.UserEntity">
        select * from t_user;
    </select>

    <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.chaytech.model.user.UserEntity">
        INSERT INTO t_user(username,db_source) VALUES(#{username},DATABASE());
    </insert>

</mapper>

创建servicecontroller

public interface IUserService {

    public boolean createUser(UserEntity user);

    public UserEntity getUser(Integer id);

    public List<UserEntity> listUser();
}

public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public boolean createUser(UserEntity user) {
        return userDao.insert(user);
    }

    @Override
    public UserEntity getUser(Integer id) {
        return userDao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<UserEntity> listUser() {
        return userDao.findAll();
    }
}
@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private IUserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/user/createUser")
    public boolean createUser(@RequestBody  UserEntity user){
        return userService.createUser(user);
    }

    @GetMapping("/user/getUser/{id}")
    public UserEntity getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return userService.getUser(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/user/listUser")
    public List<UserEntity> listUser(){
        return userService.listUser();
    }
}

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class UserProvider8001_Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserProvider8001_Application.class,args);
    }
}

测试
http://127.0.0.1:8001/user/getUser/1
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http://127.0.0.1:8001/user/listUser
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最终工程展现
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建立用户微服务消费者模块(spring-cloud-consumer-user

建立模块的步骤,参照公共子模块的建立,此处将不再演示
建立好后,修改pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-examples</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.chaytech</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-consumer-user</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.chaytech</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-model</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

创建application.yml文件

server:
  port: 80

当微服务消费者去调用微服务提供者的时候需要用到一个组件RestTemplateRestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法, 是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集

使用RestTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。
(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表
REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类

首先创建RestTemplateConfig,将RestTemplate放入到spring容器中

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

消费者调用微服务提供者提供的服务

@RestController
public class UserController {

    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://127.0.0.1:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/user/add")
    public boolean add(UserEntity user) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/user/createUser", user, Boolean.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/user/getUser/{id}")
    public UserEntity get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/user/getUser/" + id, UserEntity.class);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/user/listUser")
    public List<UserEntity> list() {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/user/listUser", List.class);
    }
}

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class UserConsumer80_Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserConsumer80_Application.class,args);
    }
}

测试
此处测试的话,因为消费者最终是调用提供者的服务,所以要将spring-cloud-provider-userspring-cloud-consumer-user两个微服务同时启动起来

http://127.0.0.1:80/consumer/user/getUser/1
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我在服务提供者getUser代码处打个断点,可以看到,请求消费者的getUser服务http://127.0.0.1:80/consumer/user/getUser/1,最终会转发到服务提供者http://127.0.0.1:8001/user/getUser/1
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http://127.0.0.1:80/consumer/user/listUser
在这里插入图片描述
ok,SpringCloud微服务基础环境已成功搭建!

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